Mountain biking is a relatively new phenomenon, dating back only several decades to the first appearances of mountain bikes and their predecessors. This was in 1970s America, in the mountains of California in Marin County; Mount Tamalpais in particular. However, the precursors for mountain biking go back at least several decades earlier.

Cyclo-cross is a form of bicycle racing where there are muddy tracks, hills and other obstacles. It is thought that this form of bicycle racing had some impact on the creation of mountain biking itself.

In France in 1951 a group called the Velo Cross Club Parisian developed a bicycling sport that was similar to modern mountain biking. Just several years later, in 1955 in the UK, the Roughstuff Fellowship was a group of cyclists who focused on off-road and hard terrain biking.

But truly, the sport began in the mid 1970s in California. Bikers, speedily racing down the mountain terrain of Mount Tamalpais, easily busted up their road bikes. The frames were too weak the brakes couldn’t maintain enough pressure and the shocks, wheels and handlebars were all wrong. The races they had down the mountains were called “repack races” because the bikers literally had to repack their brakes with grease after each and every race.

The bikers discovered though that old 1950s-era cruiser bikes made a much more suitable option. These bikes had wider, heavier and sturdier frames as well as thicker and more heavy duty tires.

Riders took off all the extra fenders and style accessories from the cruiser bikes and dubbed them “clunkers”. The clunkers were the first mountain bikes and were much more suited to rocky, bumpy mountain descent.

Soon the riders began to modify their clunkers further. Gears were added, enabling riders to go up mountains as well as down them. Motorcycle brakes were sometimes imported into the bike and other modifications were quickly evolving to better suit mountain biking, such as straight handlebars. It was in 1978 when the first, designed from manufacturer mountain bike hit the market.

Mountain bikes today can be broken down into categories classes based on their suspensions. The first of these classes is the fully rigid, which has a rigid fork, fixed rear with no suspension; to the hardtail which has a front fork and no rear suspension; to the soft tail which has a small degree of rear suspension; and finally to the dual (full) suspension which has a front suspension and rear suspension, as well as a rear shock and a pivoting rear wheel. Which style of suspension a biker chooses depends on skill, experience and comfort level.

There are also different mountain bike designs based upon the different races and styles of racing and activity that they would be used for. One of these is the cross country bike which is very light with little to no suspension, designed and used more for mountain climbing than racing a rocky downhill.

On the other side of the spectrum are the sturdy dirt jumping bikes which are meant to endure hard landings and the all mountain and free ride bikes which focus on durability.

There are still many other types of mountain bikes as well, all tweaked with different wheels, frames, suspensions and materials to give the biker the specifically tailored experience he is looking for.